Pride and Prejudice

Jane Austen

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Elizabeth is the second-eldest Bennet sister and the protagonist of the novel. Although the omniscient narrator dips into the perspective of many of the different characters, it is Elizabeth that we predominantly follow in her self-development and eventual romance and marriage with Mr Darcy. Elizabeth is frequently cited as one of the most beloved heroines of all time. She is particularly notable among 18th and 19th century heroines of novels, who were often overly virtuous, passive, and without fault. Another notable quality of Austen’s heroine is that in her relationship with Darcy they are painted as intellectual equals in their frequent verbal sparring. Their individual qualities complement one another and curtail the other’s fault helping each other to become better people, and it is this that Jane Austen suggests is the basis for a successful marriage.


Elizabeth’s characterisation is notable for its liveliness. She is quick-witted, extremely intelligent, sensible, and generally someone you’d want to be around, because she is very funny! She is also generally quite self-aware of her faults, and willing to laugh at herself, as she admits “follies and nonsense, whims and inconsistencies, do divert me, I own, and I laugh at them whenever I can.”


She also, however, has her flaws, as the conflict in Pride and Prejudice primarily arises from misunderstandings between the central couple, which in turns comes from their own character weaknesses. The novel is focused upon the character development of Elizabeth and Darcy until they reach a point where they are worthy of one another. Both Elizabeth and Darcy display both ‘pride’ and ‘prejudice’ to a fault, but it is primarily her own prejudice that Elizabeth must overcome. Her hastiness to judge characters leads to her to misjudge Darcy as being pompous and arrogant, and Wickham as being trustworthy and reliable. She accepts Wickham’s version of the events surrounding his inheritance because it fits her preconceived notion of Mr Darcy’s character, and as she tells Darcy, “I had not known you a month before I felt that you were the last man in the world whom I could ever be prevailed on to marry.” The use of irony here demonstrates exactly how much she develops throughout the book. At the end, she admits to Darcy; “as for my manners – my behaviour to you was at least always bordering on the uncivil, and I never spoke to you without rather wishing to give you pain than not.”

However, in judging character she is often perceptive, such as when she urges Jane not to trust the friendship of the Bingley sisters. Aside from Wickham, Elizabeth has a tendency to latch on to the negative qualities in people. As she puts it, “there are few people whom I really love, and still fewer of whom I think well. The more I see of the world, the more am I dissatisfied with it; and every day confirms my belief of the inconsistency of all human characters, and of the little dependence that can be placed on the appearance of merit or sense.” Part of her journey in the novel is learning to accept that what she perceives as flaws in others, such as Mr Darcy’s pride and Charlotte’s cold-hearted approach to marriage, doesn’t necessarily negate them from having a place in her life.

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Pride and Prejudice

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The novel opens with the Bennet family in upheaval with excitement over the arrival of the Bingleys, a new family renting a neighbouring estate, particularly because of the prospect of Mrs Bennet being able to marry off one of her five daughters to Mr Bingley. Although wealthy enough to maintain an estate (called Longbourn), the family only has daughters, meaning that their wealth will be passed along to a cousin, the odious Mr Collins, so it is imperative for the girls to marry well. Mrs Bennet is especially keen that one of her daughters should marry Mr Collins to ensure the property stays within the family’s hands, and Mr Collin proposes to Elizabeth, but she refuses him. He instantly proposes to Charlotte Lucas, Elizabeth’s best friend, and she grimly accepts him for his wealth. An attraction develops between the serene eldest daughter Jane and the handsome Mr Bingley. However, our main character – the witty and lively Elizabeth Bennet – immediately dislikes Mr Darcy, the handsome though haughty (and extremely wealthy!) friend of Mr Bingley. Meanwhile, Mr Darcy grows to admire Elizabeth.


A group of soldiers arrives in the village, sending the two youngest Bennets, Lydia and Kitty, into fits of excitement as they attempt to flirt with them. Elizabeth gets to know the very handsome and charming Mr Wickham, who tells her that Mr Darcy has essentially spitefully denied Wickham of his rightful inheritance, as the two families are connected.Mr Bingley suddenly leaves Netherfield without a word to the Bennets, leaving Jane in turmoil.


Elizabeth goes to visit the newly (though unhappily) married Charlotte and Mr Collins, where she meets Lady Catherine de Bourgh, the wealthy snobwho is the patroness of Mr Collins and coincidentally Mr Darcy’s aunt. Mr Darcy is around, and makes a shocking proposition of marriage to Elizabeth, blindsiding her. She emphatically refuses him, blaming him for Jane and Mr Bingley’s break up and also accuses him of cheating Wickham. He leaves quietly, although Elizabeth receives a letter from him admitting that he did encourage Bingley away from Jane because he thought the relationship was not serious. However, he counters Mr Wickham’s accusation, telling Elizabeth that Mr Wickham is in fact not what he seems... not a charming, good-spirited man, but a scoundrel who squandered away his inheritance and then tried to elope with Mr Darcy’s fifteen year old sister, Georgiana. Scandalous!

Elizabeth returns home from Charlotte’s house feeling a sense of regret about her initial prejudice towards Mr Darcy, and rebukes Mr Wickham’s advances. The soldiers leave soon afterwards, heading to Brighton, which is coincidentally where the youngest sister, the boy-mad Lydia, is spending the summer... something troubling may be brewing.

Elizabeth then embarks on another trip, this time with her aunt and uncle, because what else is there for an unmarried young woman to do? They end up close to Pemberley, Mr Darcy’s famed estate, and Elizabeth is persuaded by her aunt and uncle to visit there, though they do so assuming that Mr Darcy is not home (because apparently this was an acceptable thing to do). Pemberley is absolutely wonderful, until it turns out that Mr Darcy is in fact home. Elizabeth and Darcy run into each other in the garden (although Mr Darcy is apparently not wearing wet white t-shirt like Colin Firth in the film adaptation!). He is very polite and Elizabeth is impressed and even more remorseful.


Word arrives that Lydia has eloped with Mr Wickham, however, the affair seems unlikely to end in marriage. Everyone is worried her unvirtuous behaviour could destroy the family’s reputation so no one will want to marry the other sisters. Elizabeth tells Darcy, who then bribes Wickham to marry Lydia. He also encourages Bingley to get back with Jane and they become engaged. Elizabeth finds out, and falls in love with him. He proposes again, and she accepts, and the book ends with the double wedding of Jane and Bingley, and Elizabeth and Darcy.

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